Archive for

2012



Remembering Troy Davis

One year ago today, the state of Georgia killed Troy Anthony Davis. The Board of Pardons and Paroles ignored the fact that there was no physical evidence linking him to the 1989 murder of Savannah police officer Mark MacPhail, or that seven of the nine state’s non-police witnesses recanted their testimony, or that nine individuals signed affidavits implicating Sylvester Coles, one of the other witnesses who testified against Troy, as the real killer. Despite nearly one million petition signers from around the world calling for Troy’s life to be spared, the Supreme Court refused to intervene, and the state proceeded with his execution.

Although the pain and shock from such a grave injustice remains with us, we can find comfort and strength in the wisdom of Troy’s words from that night: “This movement started before I was born. After tonight, our movement will grow stronger until we succeed in destroying the death penalty in the United States once and for all.”

Indeed, the movement has grown stronger. Earlier this year Connecticut became the fifth state in five years to end the death penalty. Several other states, including Maryland, are fighting legislative battles, and this November, voters in California will vote on Proposition 34, which if passed, would replace the death penalty with life without the possibility for parole.  In the past year, Oregon Governor John Kitzhaber issued a moratorium on the death penalty in his state, and here in Tennessee Gussie Vann became our third exoneree when all charges against him for the 1992 murder of his daughter were dropped. Former Tennessee death row inmate Timothy McKinney continues to fight for freedom as he awaits his third trial, and in June, Ndume Olatushani was released on an Alford plea after serving 27 years behind bars, 19 of which were on death row.

While we are making progress around the country, injustices in the system continue. The case of Reggie Clemons in Missouri is eerily similar to Troy Davis’ case. Clemons is African-American, and the victims in the case were white. There is no physical evidence linking him to their murders, and eyewitnesses have recanted their testimony. Additionally, one of the witnesses was a former suspect.  There are also allegations in Clemons’ case of police and prosecutorial misconduct as well as jury bias. Please take action by signing this petition urging authorities to commute his sentence.

There is also the tragic case of Terrance Williams in Pennsylvania, who is scheduled to be executed on October 3. Williams suffered horrendous childhood sexual abuse, but the jury never heard about this victimization or that the men he killed had been his abusers. Five of those jurors now say they would not have sentenced Williams to death, and the widow of one of the victims has asked for his life to be spared, along with numerous judges, religious leaders, mental health professionals and children advocates. Please join them in calling for clemency by signing this petition.

Cases like those of Clemons and Williams will only continue as long as we have this broken death penalty system in place. We can honor their struggles for justice and the memory of Troy Davis by recommitting ourselves to abolition. You can get involved wherever you are by raising awareness about our severely flawed system.  You can talk with friends and family, host a speaker at your church or civic group, write a letter to the editor, and/or join or form a TADP chapter in your area. Together, we can make Troy’s vision for a world without the death penalty a reality.

(Photo courtesy of Amnesty International USA)

Fairly, there are numerous aspects you would like to think about medications. All discount medicaments save money, but few online drugstores offer better deals than other online drugstores. There isn’t anything you can’t order online anymore. Remedies like Deltasone ordinarily is used to treat diseases such as eye problems. Glucocorticoids naturally occurring steroids, which are easily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. There are varied drugs for every conditions. Cialis is a remedy prescribed to treat many illnesses. What do you already know about long term side effects of cialis? What consumers talk about how long does it take for cialis to take effect? A general sexual claim among men is the erectile malfunction. Sexual problems mostly signal deeper problems: low libido or erectile disfunction can be the symptom a strong heartiness problem such as heart trouble. Albeit the erectile malfunction itself isn’t necessarily dangerous, erectile disfunction is sometimes one of the early warning symptoms of other underlying health conditions that can be highly dangerous. Unfortunately nearly all over-the-counter medicines have sometimes dangerous aftereffects, from muscle aches to death. If you buy any erectile malfunction medicaments like Cialis, check with a physician that they are sure to take with your other drugs. Do not take unwanted medications. Take Cialis to your local chemist’s shop which will dispose of them for you.

The Myth of Closure

An article entitled “The Myth of Closure” in the newly released Murder Victims’ Families for Human Rights‘ Fall 2012/Winter 2013 newsletter features a great interview with Jody Lynne Madeira, author of Killing McVeigh: The Death Penalty and the Myth of Closure. In it, Madeira reflects on her interviews with 13 people whose family members were killed in the Oklahoma City bombing and 20 who were survivors of the bombing.

Madeira explains that the idea that the death penalty provides closure for victims’ families is a fairly new concept that has been perpetuated in the media and used as justification for executions over the last couple of decades and doesn’t necessarily reflect how many victims feel.

“As I have listened to murder victims’ family members, I have heard a pushback against that common understanding of the term [closure],” says Madeira. “I want to harness that pushback and help give voice to it.”

Victims and their families told Madeira that they have been able to regain some control and find their voice by talking with other victims’ family members, telling their stories and getting involved in activities like helping to plan and create memorials.

TADP is grateful to MVFHR and those like Madeira who help to support and empower surviving family members of homicide. Given the protracted legal process that necessarily accompanies the death penalty, Madeira’s research leads to  more questions about the death penalty’s purpose and whether or not it, in fact, harms victims’ families, not helps them.

(Photo courtesy of MVFHR website)

Fairly, there are numerous aspects you would like to think about medications. All discount medicaments save money, but few online drugstores offer better deals than other online drugstores. There isn’t anything you can’t order online anymore. Remedies like Deltasone ordinarily is used to treat diseases such as eye problems. Glucocorticoids naturally occurring steroids, which are easily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. There are varied drugs for every conditions. Cialis is a remedy prescribed to treat many illnesses. What do you already know about long term side effects of cialis? What consumers talk about how long does it take for cialis to take effect? A general sexual complaint among men is the erectile disfunction. Sexual problems mostly signal deeper problems: low libido or erectile dysfunction can be the symptom a strong heartiness problem such as soul trouble. Albeit the erectile disfunction itself isn’t necessarily dangerous, erectile dysfunction is sometimes one of the early warning symptoms of other underlying soundness conditions that can be very dangerous. Unfortunately nearly all over-the-counter medicines have sometimes dangerous aftereffects, from muscle aches to death. If you buy any erectile dysfunction medicaments like Cialis, check with a physician that they are sure to take with your other drugs. Do not take unwanted medications. Take Cialis to your local chemist’s shop which will dispose of them for you.

The Sacramento Bee Urges CA Voters to Pass Prop 34

The Sacramento Bee’s Editorial Board came out in support of death penalty repeal this week for the first time in the newspaper’s 155 year existence. In Sunday’s editorial, they outline the many flaws with the death penalty, arguing that it is a system that cannot be fixed and therefore, must be abandoned and replaced with life without parole.

The article highlights the lengthy process between conviction and execution, and the toll this takes on murder victims’ families as well as the extreme financial burden it places on taxpayers.  While there are currently 729 inmates on California’s death row, there have only been 13 executions since the reinstatement of the death penalty in 1992. Although death penalty proponents argue that the process could be expedited, the Board warns against the dangers of doing so. “Yes, California could change its laws and increase spending to carry out the death penalty more expeditiously. But we might do so at the risk of executing an innocent person- arguably the worst miscarriage of justice imaginable.”

The newspaper also admits that the death penalty has not been shown to deter crime as was once believed. They urge Californians to vote “yes” on Proposition 34 this November to end the death penalty and replace it with a sentence of life without parole. The Bee joins many others who have traditionally supported the death penalty in calling for its abolition. “The death penalty in California has become an illusion, and we need to end the fiction- the sooner the better,” they write.

Fairly, there are numerous aspects you would like to think about medications. All discount medicaments save money, but few online drugstores offer better deals than other online drugstores. There isn’t anything you can’t order online anymore. Remedies like Deltasone ordinarily is used to treat diseases such as eye problems. Glucocorticoids naturally occurring steroids, which are easily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. There are varied drugs for every conditions. Cialis is a remedy prescribed to treat many illnesses. What do you already know about long term side effects of cialis? What consumers talk about how long does it take for cialis to take effect? A general sexual claim among men is the erectile dysfunction. Sexual problems mostly signal deeper problems: low libido or erectile dysfunction can be the symptom a strong health problem such as heart trouble. Albeit the erectile dysfunction itself isn’t necessarily dangerous, erectile malfunction is sometimes one of the early warning symptoms of other underlying heartiness conditions that can be very much dangerous. Unfortunately nearly all over-the-counter medicines have sometimes dangerous aftereffects, from muscle aches to death. If you buy any erectile malfunction medicaments like Cialis, check with a physician that they are sure to take with your other drugs. Do not take unwanted medications. Take Cialis to your local chemist’s shop which will dispose of them for you.

Former Tennessee Death Row Inmate Granted New Trial

The Tennessee Court of Criminal Appeals has overturned the conviction of former death row inmate Steven James Rollins, ruling that he be granted a new trial due to ineffective assistance of counsel and being denied his right to a trial by a fair and impartial jury.

Rollins was convicted and sentenced to death in 2003 for the 2001 robbery and stabbing death of James T. Bussell, the owner of Bussell’s Fisherman’s Paradise bait shop near Kingsport. In 2010, a local judge overturned Rollins’ death sentence and granted him a new sentencing hearing, but not a new trial. Rollins appealed this decision and last week the appellate court found sufficient reason to overturn his convictions and sent the case back to Sullivan County Criminal Court for a new trial. Sullivan County District Attorney General Barry Staubus said the state plans to appeal this decision to the Tennessee Supreme Court.

The appellate court agreed with Rollins’ claim that his trial attorneys failed to properly question prospective jurors and that a particular juror had apparent bias. This juror admitted in affidavits that he had known the victim and bought bait from him every week. He said “I had my mind made up as soon as they seated the jury. I could tell by looking at him that he was a crook.” He also stated his belief that “death is the only appropriate punishment” for a person convicted of murder, and adds “but no one asked me about my opinion.”

Rollins had also argued that his mental retardation exempts him from the death penalty but the appellate court declined to address this issue, stating it is a “moot point” since he will have an opportunity to make that argument if he should reach another sentencing hearing. Hopefully the Tennessee Supreme Court will uphold the appellate court’s decision and Rollins can finally have a trial with the adequate representation and fair and impartial jury that every defendant deserves.

Photo courtesy of The Kingsport Times-News

Fairly, there are numerous aspects you would like to think about medications. All discount medicaments save money, but few online drugstores offer better deals than other online drugstores. There isn’t anything you can’t order online anymore. Remedies like Deltasone ordinarily is used to treat diseases such as eye problems. Glucocorticoids naturally occurring steroids, which are easily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. There are varied drugs for every conditions. Cialis is a remedy prescribed to treat many illnesses. What do you already know about long term side effects of cialis? What consumers talk about how long does it take for cialis to take effect? A general sexual complaint among men is the erectile disfunction. Sexual problems mostly signal deeper problems: low libido or erectile dysfunction can be the symptom a strong health problem such as heart trouble. Albeit the erectile disfunction itself isn’t necessarily dangerous, erectile dysfunction is sometimes one of the early warning symptoms of other underlying health conditions that can be extremely dangerous. Unfortunately nearly all over-the-counter medicines have sometimes dangerous aftereffects, from muscle aches to death. If you buy any erectile disfunction medicaments like Cialis, check with a physician that they are sure to take with your other drugs. Do not take unwanted medications. Take Cialis to your local chemist’s shop which will dispose of them for you.

Death Row Inmate Michael Keenan Released, But Not Yet Exonerated

UPDATE September 7, 2012: Yesterday, we wrote about the exciting news of Michael Keenan’s release in Ohio, making him the seventh person to walk off of Ohio’s death row. We reported that this release also made Keenan the nation’s 141st death row exoneree. However, the information we received was incorrect and we apologize. At this point in time, charges against him were dismissed, but as it so often happens in cases like this, the state said it will appeal the dismissal. This means there will be further proceedings in the legal case and that his exoneration status is yet to be determined. We are hopeful that we will soon be able to correctly report that Keenan is in fact the 141st death row exoneree in the U.S.

September 6, 2012:

After spending over two decades on Ohio’s death row for the 1988 murder of Tony Klann, Michael Keenan became the seventh exoneree from Ohio and the nation’s 141st death row exoneration when Judge John Russo dismissed all charges against him this morning.

Keenan was first tried, convicted, and sentenced to death in 1989. His conviction was thrown out due to prosecutorial misconduct in 1994. In April 2012, a federal court ruled that Keenan must be retried or freed due to newly discovered exculpatory evidence that prosecutors kept from Keenan during his previous trials.  Prosecutors chose to push forward with a third trial against Keenan that was set to begin on October 31 but removed the death penalty in an effort to obtain a plea deal. Meanwhile, Keenan’s defense attorneys filed a motion to dismiss all charges, and TADP joins our colleagues at Ohioans to Stop Executions in being thrilled that Judge Russo elected to do just that today.

Kevin Werner, executive director of Ohioans to Stop Executions said, “Ohio’s track record of making these kinds of mistakes is both troubling and a sharp reminder that our state routinely sends people to death row for crimes they did not commit. This is completely unacceptable.”

This wrongful conviction is yet another example of the brokenness of our death penalty system. How can we continue with a failed policy that risks innocent lives? The seven men who have been freed from death row in Ohio alone spent a combined 127 years imprisoned for crimes they did not commit. Think of not only the years stolen from them and their families, but also the immense costs of incarcerating these individuals. We must remember the victims’ families and all of the prolonged pain they’ve had to endure as well. While the state spent years and numerous resources pursuing the wrong men, the real killers remained untried. How is this justice?

(Photo of Michael Keenan smiling as charges against him are dismissed this morning. Courtesy of Cleveland’s The Plain Dealer)

Fairly, there are numerous aspects you would like to think about medications. All discount medicaments save money, but few online drugstores offer better deals than other online drugstores. There isn’t anything you can’t order online anymore. Remedies like Deltasone ordinarily is used to treat diseases such as eye problems. Glucocorticoids naturally occurring steroids, which are easily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. There are varied drugs for every conditions. Cialis is a remedy prescribed to treat many illnesses. What do you already know about long term side effects of cialis? What consumers talk about how long does it take for cialis to take effect? A general sexual complaint among men is the erectile dysfunction. Sexual problems mostly signal deeper problems: low libido or erectile disfunction can be the symptom a strong health problem such as heart trouble. Albeit the erectile dysfunction itself isn’t necessarily dangerous, erectile disfunction is sometimes one of the early warning symptoms of other underlying health conditions that can be much dangerous. Unfortunately nearly all over-the-counter medicines have sometimes dangerous aftereffects, from muscle aches to death. If you buy any erectile malfunction medicaments like Cialis, check with a physician that they are sure to take with your other drugs. Do not take unwanted medications. Take Cialis to your local chemist’s shop which will dispose of them for you.

Exoneree Shujaa Graham Shares His Story

Earlier this month, Voice of America conducted a video interview with  former death row inmate Shujaa Graham who was sentenced to death in California in 1976 for the killing of a prison guard during a protest. At the time, he was in prison for a robbery conviction he received when he was 18.  Graham spent five years on death row and was finally acquitted during a fourth trial, at which time his robbery conviction was also overturned.

Graham is one of the 140 individuals who have been exonerated from death row in the U.S.  He is an active member of Witness to Innocence and works to raise awareness about wrongful conviction. He has spoken in Tennessee several times, sharing his story and educating others about our broken death penalty system.

“What has happened to me is over with and done,” says Graham. “No one can bring those years back and no one can bring the psychological scars. No one can remove the physical scars. But Shujaa Graham can go on and make sure what happened to him never happens to anyone else.”

Photo of Shujaa courtesy of Scott Langley via http://shujaa.org/

Fairly, there are numerous aspects you would like to think about medications. All discount medicaments save money, but few online drugstores offer better deals than other online drugstores. There isn’t anything you can’t order online anymore. Remedies like Deltasone ordinarily is used to treat diseases such as eye problems. Glucocorticoids naturally occurring steroids, which are easily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. There are varied drugs for every conditions. Cialis is a remedy prescribed to treat many illnesses. What do you already know about long term side effects of cialis? What consumers talk about how long does it take for cialis to take effect? A general sexual complaint among men is the erectile malfunction. Sexual problems mostly signal deeper problems: low libido or erectile disfunction can be the symptom a strong health problem such as heart trouble. Albeit the erectile dysfunction itself isn’t necessarily dangerous, erectile dysfunction is sometimes one of the early warning symptoms of other underlying health conditions that can be extremely dangerous. Unfortunately nearly all over-the-counter medicines have sometimes dangerous aftereffects, from muscle aches to death. If you buy any erectile dysfunction medicaments like Cialis, check with a physician that they are sure to take with your other drugs. Do not take unwanted medications. Take Cialis to your local chemist’s shop which will dispose of them for you.

Tennessee’s Lethal Injection Ruling Stands

In the fall of 2010, death row inmate Stephen Michael West filed a lawsuit challenging Tennessee’s three-drug lethal injection protocol, arguing that the process is cruel and unusual punishment because the first drug in the cocktail, sodium thiopental, may not cause full unconsciousness before the other drugs, which paralyze the muscles and then stop the heart, are administered. Davidson County Chancellor Claudia Bonnyman agreed and said the method of execution was unconstitutional because it “allows for death by suffocation while conscious.”

The Department of Correction then changed its protocol for lethal injections which includes a prison official brushing a hand over the prisoner’s eyelashes, saying his or her name, and gently shaking them to check for responsiveness after the first drug is administered before proceeding with the rest of the execution. Chancellor Bonnyman ruled last February that this revised protocol addressed the issues raised by West and does not violate the Eighth Amendment’s ban on cruel and unusual punishment. In April of this year, the Tennessee Court of Appeals affirmed Bonnyman’s decision.

West and another death row inmate, Billy Ray Irick, appealed this decision, arguing that the state’s new protocol still does not contain sufficient safeguards to ensure that inmates are not awake and in pain during an execution. Unfortunately, this week the Tennessee Supreme Court refused to hear their appeal, allowing executions to proceed in Tennessee. So far, no dates have been set.

(Photo courtesy of PegasusNews)

Fairly, there are numerous aspects you would like to think about medications. All discount medicaments save money, but few online drugstores offer better deals than other online drugstores. There isn’t anything you can’t order online anymore. Remedies like Deltasone ordinarily is used to treat diseases such as eye problems. Glucocorticoids naturally occurring steroids, which are easily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. There are varied drugs for every conditions. Cialis is a remedy prescribed to treat many illnesses. What do you already know about long term side effects of cialis? What consumers talk about how long does it take for cialis to take effect? A general sexual complaint among men is the erectile malfunction. Sexual problems mostly signal deeper problems: low libido or erectile malfunction can be the symptom a strong heartiness problem such as core trouble. Albeit the erectile malfunction itself isn’t necessarily dangerous, erectile dysfunction is sometimes one of the early warning symptoms of other underlying soundness conditions that can be very dangerous. Unfortunately nearly all over-the-counter medicines have sometimes dangerous aftereffects, from muscle aches to death. If you buy any erectile dysfunction medicaments like Cialis, check with a physician that they are sure to take with your other drugs. Do not take unwanted medications. Take Cialis to your local chemist’s shop which will dispose of them for you.

A Troubling Case Highlights Our Flawed System

Today The Guardian published a telling article about Missouri death row inmate Reggie Clemons, whose case illustrates the many things that can and do go wrong in the U.S. death penalty system.

Clemons has been on death row for 19 years for being an accomplice in the 1991 murders in St. Louis of two young white women, Julie and Robin Kerry. Two other black youths were also convicted in the case, including Marlin Gray, who was executed in 2005, and Antonio Richardson, whose death sentence was reduced to life imprisonment in 2003. A fourth co-defendant, Daniel Winfrey, white, pled guilty to a lesser offense in return for testimony against the three others and was released on parole in 2007. The other person who was critical to their convictions was the victims’ cousin, Thomas Cummins. Cummins initially confessed to the police that he had committed the murders, but later the charges against him were dropped when he pointed the finger at Clemons, Gray and Richardson. Cummins later won $150,000 in a police brutality lawsuit in which he claimed he had been treated roughly during many hours of interrogation.

Clemons alleges that he was also a victim of police brutality during interrogation and claims that is why he initially confessed under pressure to raping one of the victims. He later retracted that confession and at no point confessed to the murders. In addition to there being no physical evidence linking Clemons to the crime, other concerns in this case include extreme prosecutorial misconduct and inadequate defense counsel. In fact, Clemons’ lawyer was later suspended from practicing law and his co-counsel had a full time job in another state when she was representing him. Also, the jury in Clemons’ case was stacked as blacks were disproportionately dismissed during jury selection. In 2002, a U.S. District Court judge ruled that Clemons’ death sentence should not stand since six prospective jurors had been improperly excluded. A higher court ended up overturning this ruling.

Reggie Clemons was scheduled to be executed in June 2009 but the Missouri Supreme Court stayed the execution and assigned a judge known as a “Special Master” to investigate the reliability of his conviction and proportionality of his sentence. This hearing is set to begin on September 17.

You can take action by signing this petition from Amnesty International calling on Missouri Governor Jay Nixon to stop Reggie Clemons from being executed.

(Photo: Reggie Clemons via The Guardian)

Fairly, there are numerous aspects you would like to think about medications. All discount medicaments save money, but few online drugstores offer better deals than other online drugstores. There isn’t anything you can’t order online anymore. Remedies like Deltasone ordinarily is used to treat diseases such as eye problems. Glucocorticoids naturally occurring steroids, which are easily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. There are varied drugs for every conditions. Cialis is a remedy prescribed to treat many illnesses. What do you already know about long term side effects of cialis? What consumers talk about how long does it take for cialis to take effect? A general sexual complaint among men is the erectile disfunction. Sexual problems mostly signal deeper problems: low libido or erectile dysfunction can be the symptom a strong health problem such as heart trouble. Albeit the erectile dysfunction itself isn’t necessarily dangerous, erectile malfunction is sometimes one of the early warning symptoms of other underlying health conditions that can be very dangerous. Unfortunately nearly all over-the-counter medicines have sometimes dangerous aftereffects, from muscle aches to death. If you buy any erectile malfunction medicaments like Cialis, check with a physician that they are sure to take with your other drugs. Do not take unwanted medications. Take Cialis to your local chemist’s shop which will dispose of them for you.

Former CA Supreme Court Justice Calls for Abolition

Although Carlos Moreno supports the death penalty in principle and voted to uphold more than 200 death sentences during his time as a California Supreme Court justice, he now supports Proposition 34, the November ballot measure that would repeal the death penalty in his state and change the maximum sentence to life in prison without the possibility of parole.

Moreno is primarily concerned about the lengthy process and extremely high costs of maintaining the system. With 725 inmates on their death row, the state of California spends around $184 million a year on their death penalty. He points out that most cases take decades to conclude and this takes money that California just doesn’t have. “The millions wasted on this broken system would be much better spent keeping teachers, police and firefighters on their jobs” he said.

While TADP disagrees with some of Justice Moreno’s positions, we are encouraged that he recognizes that the death penalty system is broken beyond repair and that he is willing to speak out about it. With the important voices like his speaking out, we continue to be hopeful that Prop 34 will be successful this fall.

(Photo courtesy of HispanicPro)

Fairly, there are numerous aspects you would like to think about medications. All discount medicaments save money, but few online drugstores offer better deals than other online drugstores. There isn’t anything you can’t order online anymore. Remedies like Deltasone ordinarily is used to treat diseases such as eye problems. Glucocorticoids naturally occurring steroids, which are easily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. There are varied drugs for every conditions. Cialis is a remedy prescribed to treat many illnesses. What do you already know about long term side effects of cialis? What consumers talk about how long does it take for cialis to take effect? A general sexual complaint among men is the erectile disfunction. Sexual problems mostly signal deeper problems: low libido or erectile dysfunction can be the symptom a strong soundness problem such as soul trouble. Albeit the erectile disfunction itself isn’t necessarily dangerous, erectile dysfunction is sometimes one of the early warning symptoms of other underlying soundness conditions that can be very much dangerous. Unfortunately nearly all over-the-counter medicines have sometimes dangerous aftereffects, from muscle aches to death. If you buy any erectile dysfunction medicaments like Cialis, check with a physician that they are sure to take with your other drugs. Do not take unwanted medications. Take Cialis to your local chemist’s shop which will dispose of them for you.

Marvin Wilson Killed Despite Ban on Executing the Intellectually Disabled

Although thousands of concerned citizens urged the state not to kill Marvin Wilson, a man with an IQ of only 61, the U.S. Supreme Court denied the final appeal less than two hours before he was put to death.  At 6:27 p.m. last night, Wilson was pronounced dead, 14 minutes after Texas began his execution by lethal injection.

In 2002, the Supreme Court ruled in Atkins v. Virginia that the Eighth Amendment of the constitution prohibits “excessive punishment” for prisoners who are deemed intellectually disabled. However, the Supreme Court left it up to the states to develop their own set of determining factors for who will be exempt from execution under this statute. Other states developed statutes to help courts in these kinds of cases, but Texas has failed to enact such a law. Instead, they set up temporary guidelines, called Briseño factors, which no other state uses, to test for mental impairment. Although Wilson has a history of struggling in school, has scored low on intelligence tests, and struggles with everyday tasks like tying his own shoes, Texas courts did not feel that he was low functioning enough to spare the death penalty.

Lee Kovarsky, one of Wilson’s lawyers, released the following statement:

“It is outrageous that the state of Texas continues to utilize unscientific guidelines, called the Briseño factors, to determine which citizens with intellectual disability are exempt from execution. The Briseño factors are not scientific tools, they are the decayed remainder of an uninformed stereotype that has been widely discredited by the nation’s leading groups on intellectual disability, including the American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities. That neither the courts nor state officials have stopped this execution is not only a shocking failure of a once-promising constitutional commitment, it is also a reminder that, as a society, we haven’t come quite that far in understanding how so many of those around us live with intellectual disabilities.”

(Photo of Marvin Wilson courtesy of Amnesty USA)

Fairly, there are numerous aspects you would like to think about medications. All discount medicaments save money, but few online drugstores offer better deals than other online drugstores. There isn’t anything you can’t order online anymore. Remedies like Deltasone ordinarily is used to treat diseases such as eye problems. Glucocorticoids naturally occurring steroids, which are easily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. There are varied drugs for every conditions. Cialis is a remedy prescribed to treat many illnesses. What do you already know about long term side effects of cialis? What consumers talk about how long does it take for cialis to take effect? A general sexual complaint among men is the erectile disfunction. Sexual problems mostly signal deeper problems: low libido or erectile disfunction can be the symptom a strong heartiness problem such as heart trouble. Albeit the erectile dysfunction itself isn’t necessarily dangerous, erectile dysfunction is sometimes one of the early warning symptoms of other underlying health conditions that can be much dangerous. Unfortunately nearly all over-the-counter medicines have sometimes dangerous aftereffects, from muscle aches to death. If you buy any erectile malfunction medicaments like Cialis, check with a physician that they are sure to take with your other drugs. Do not take unwanted medications. Take Cialis to your local chemist’s shop which will dispose of them for you.

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